Miss Jessica Angharad Martin
Miss Jessica Angharad Martin

She/Her/Hers/Herself

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Lead supervisor:
Dr Miriam Jones

Other supervisor(s):

  • Prof Andrew James Davies
  • Dr Vivienne Rogers

Start date: October 2025 (Full time)

Award: General

Subject Pathway:
Linguistics and Bilingualism

Thematic Cluster:
Language, Learning and Behaviour Cluster

Welsh as a Second Language in Further and Higher Education: Learner Preconceptions and Attitudes

Mae data cyfrifiad diweddaraf a gasglwyd yn 2021 yn dangos gostyngiad pellach yn nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg o 19% i 17.8% (Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol, 2022). Gwelwyd y dirywiad mwyaf dramatig ymhlith plant a phobl ifanc rhwng 5 a 15 oed o 40.3% yn 2011 i 34.3% yn 2021. Adlewyrchir y dirywiad hwn yn nifer y myfyrwyr sy'n astudio'r Gymraeg, fel iaith gyntaf ac ail iaith, fel Safon Uwch ac ar lefel gradd er gwaethaf y ffaith bod addysg yn un o feysydd ffocws allweddol Llywodraeth Cymru er mwyn cyflawni ei tharged o gyrraedd miliwn o siaradwyr Cymraeg erbyn 2050.

Bydd y prosiect ymchwil amserol hwn yn dechrau yn fuan ar ôl cyflwyno Bil Addysg Cymru (Llywodraeth Cymru 2024), ac er bod yr ateb i'r her o wrthdroi newid iaith yng Nghymru yn amlochrog, bydd y prosiect PhD hwn yn canolbwyntio'n benodol ar un cwestiwn ymchwil allweddol: sut y gellir newid canfyddiadau ac agweddau tuag at astudio'r Gymraeg fel Ail Iaith (fel y'i teitl ar gymhwyster CBAC) fel pwnc Safon Uwch ac fel gradd er mwyn cynyddu nifer y dysgwyr sy'n dewis astudio'r pwnc, ac yn ei dro, cynyddu nifer y bobl ifanc sy'n siarad Cymraeg yng Nghymru?

Nod yr ymchwil hwn yw casglu canfyddiadau dysgwyr yn gyntaf tuag at astudio'r Gymraeg fel Ail Iaith fel pwnc Safon Uwch ac fel gradd, gan gasglu ymchwil ansoddol trwy arolygon a grwpiau ffocws. Yn ail, bydd y prosiect hwn yn trafod ac yn gwerthuso'r data a gasglwyd i gynnig awgrymiadau i hyrwyddo mwy o ddefnydd o'r Gymraeg fel Ail Iaith mewn addysg bellach ac uwch, gyda'r potensial i archwilio dylanwad dulliau dysgu ac addysgu, polisi'r llywodraeth ac ymdrechion hyrwyddo iaith.


The most recent census data gathered in 2021 shows a further reduction in the number of Welsh speakers from 19% to 17.8% (Office for National Statistics, 2022). The most dramatic decline was seen amongst children and teenagers between 5 and 15 years old from 40.3% in 2011 to 34.3% in 2021. This decline is reflected in the number of students studying Welsh, both as a first and second language, as an A Level and at degree level despite education being one of the Welsh Governments' key areas of focus in order to achieve its target of reaching a million Welsh speakers by 2050.

This timely research project will begin shortly after the introduction of the Welsh Education Bill (Welsh Government 2024), and whilst the answer to the challenge of reversing language shift in Wales is multifaceted, this PhD project will focus specifically on one key research question: how can perceptions and attitudes towards studying Welsh as a Second Language (as titled on the WJEC qualification) as an A Level subject and as a degree be changed in order to increase the number of learners opting to study the subject, and in turn, increase the number of young people speaking Welsh in Wales?

The aim of this research is to firstly gather learner perceptions towards studying Welsh as a Second Language as an A Level subject and as a degree, collecting qualitative research through surveys and focus groups. Secondly, this project will discuss and evaluate the data collected to propose suggestions to promote further uptake of Welsh as a Second Language in further and higher education, with the potential to explore the influence of learning and teaching methods, government policy and language promotion efforts.

 

Research Impact

Bydd yr ymchwil hwn yn archwilio rhagdybiaethau ac agweddau a fydd yn berthnasol i lawer o bolisïau hyrwyddo iaith ac addysg Llywodraeth Cymru. Mae rhagdybiaethau ac agweddau tuag at ddysgu'r Gymraeg, yn gyffredinol ac mewn addysg, yn rhan annatod o weledigaeth Cymraeg 2050 (Llywodraeth Cymru, 2017), sef gobeithion Llywodraeth Cymru o gyflawni miliwn o siaradwyr Cymraeg erbyn y flwyddyn 2050. Yn ogystal, bydd yn gwerthuso dulliau addysgu a thechnegau hyrwyddo i fesur pa mor llwyddiannus yw ysgolion wrth weithredu'r Gymraeg fel rhan annatod o addysg yng Nghymru, fel ffactor sylfaenol i'r Cwricwlwm Newydd i Gymru (Llywodraeth Cymru, 2022).

Yn ogystal, mae gan yr ymchwil hwn y potensial hefyd i fwydo i bolisïau llywodraethau eraill, yn y DU a thu hwnt, gan ddarparu ar gyfer ieithoedd lleiafrifol a lleiafrifol, fel Gaeleg yn Iwerddon fel un enghraifft yn unig. Bydd yr ymchwil hefyd yn trafod y berthynas rhwng dwyieithrwydd mewn polisi addysgol ac yn yr ystafell ddosbarth, gan archwilio sut y gall addysg gyfrannu at hyrwyddo dwyieithrwydd yng Nghymru.

Bydd yr ymchwil hon hefyd yn bwydo i ymdrechion y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, sefydliad sy'n hyrwyddo darpariaeth cyfrwng Cymraeg yn y sector addysg drwy gymhellion ariannol a gweithgareddau hyrwyddo, ar gyfer ysgolion, colegau ôl-16 a phrifysgolion.


This research will explore preconceptions and attitudes that will be relevant to many of the Welsh Government’s language promotion and education policies. Preconceptions and attitudes towards learning Welsh, generally and in education, is integral to the vision of Cymraeg 2050 (Welsh Government, 2017) , the Welsh Government’s hopes of achieving a million Welsh speakers by the year 2050. Additionally, it will evaluate teaching methods and promotion techniques to measure how successful schools are at implementing Welsh as an integral part of education in Wales, as is an underpinning factor of the New Curriculum for Wales (Welsh Government, 2022).

Additionally, this research also has the potential to feed into the polices of other governments, in the UK and beyond, providing for minority and minoritized languages, such as Gaelic in Ireland as just one example. The research will also discuss the relationship between bilingualism both in educational policy and in the classroom, exploring how education can contribute to promoting bilingualism in Wales.

This research will also feed into efforts by the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, an institution that promotes Welsh-medium provision in the education sector through financial incentives and promotion activities, both for schools, post-16 colleges and universities.

Bibliography

Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol (2018). Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol | About Us. [online] Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol. Available at: https://colegcymraeg.ac.uk/en/other/about-us/.

Office for National Statistics (2022). Welsh language, Wales: Census 2021. [online] www.ons.gov.uk. Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/language/bulletins/welshlanguagewales/census2021.

Welsh Government (2017) Cymraeg 2050: A Million Welsh Speakers. Cardiff. https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2018-12/cymraeg-2050-welsh-language-strategy.pdf

Welsh Government (2017). Cymraeg 2050 A million Welsh speakers. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2018-12/cymraeg-2050-welsh-language-strategy.pdf.

Welsh Government (2022). The Welsh Language in English-medium Education. [online] Education Wales. Available at: https://educationwales.blog.gov.wales/2022/10/18/the-welsh-language-in-english-medium-education/.